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<\/a>\n<\/p>\n[In English]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Una de las cosas que m\u00e1s disfruto de la Historia es encontrarme relaciones entre personajes, temas y lugares que de pronto se cruzan en lo que estoy haciendo. Mis \u00faltimos invitados sorpresa han sido Guillermo Marshal, Sim\u00f3n de Montfort y Leonor de Leicester, con los que me top\u00e9 inesperadamente a ra\u00edz del \u00faltimo viaje a Inglaterra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Antes de llegar a Londres me prepar\u00e9 una ruta para visitar algunos sitios relacionados con Ricardo III que quer\u00eda ver. As\u00ed que el lunes 15 de abril empezamos la ma\u00f1ana en los Jardines del Temple<\/a>, por aquello de que Shakespeare sit\u00faa ah\u00ed (muy imaginativamente<\/a>, todo hay que decirlo) una de mis escenas favoritas de Enrique VI P1: cuando Ricardo Duque de York y Edmundo Duque de Somerset eligen las rosas, y por tanto, la casa por la que luchar\u00e1n. Henry Payne reflej\u00f3 esta escena en un cuadro que me encanta, tanto que lo tengo colgado junto a mi mesa de trabajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Si ten\u00e9is la oportunidad, visitad los Jardines: no es que sean muy grandes, pero entre lo escondidos que est\u00e1n -por lo menos si entras desde el r\u00edo, aunque tambi\u00e9n es posible acceder desde la calle Fleet- y el ambientito medieval que los rodea, tienen mucho encanto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ya que est\u00e1bamos all\u00ed, c\u00f3mo no pasarse por la Iglesia del Temple <\/a>(s\u00ed, yo tambi\u00e9n tuve mi momento templario<\/em> por culpa de El C\u00f3digo da Vinci<\/em>, qu\u00e9 pasa \ud83d\ude42 ). As\u00ed que entramos para descubrir una iglesia muy bonita y con mucha historia a sus espaldas. De hecho, esta es la Nueva Iglesia del Temple: la primera, construida en 1128, estaba en la zona de Holborn; la nueva se construy\u00f3 entre 1161 y 1185, como se puede ver en esta captura del mapa del Londres Tudor en 1520<\/a>, en la que he marcado con dos l\u00edneas azules la situaci\u00f3n de la iglesia vieja (arriba) y de la nueva (abajo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aunque es peque\u00f1ita, hay muchos detalles que llaman la atenci\u00f3n, y personalmente lo que m\u00e1s me atrajo fueron las tumbas, muy antiguas, de varios caballeros, de los que me qued\u00e9 con el nombre no s\u00e9 por qu\u00e9: Guillermo Marshal, primer conde de Pembroke (1146\/47-1219), y su hijo, tambi\u00e9n Guillermo Marshal (1190-1231), segundo conde de Pembroke. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Al d\u00eda siguiente nos fuimos a Leicester (es s\u00f3lo una horita y pico de tren desde St. Pancras) a visitar, of course, la tumba de Ricardo III en la catedral<\/a>, su estatua en la plaza delante de la catedral, y el King Richard III Visitor Centre<\/a>, donde adem\u00e1s de una exposici\u00f3n muy interesante que contextualiza toda la historia de Ricardo III y su influencia posterior, es posible visitar -y pasearse sobre- el lugar donde se encontr\u00f3 su cuerpo. En fin, qu\u00e9 voy a decir: si eres ricardiana, tienes que ir, ya est\u00e1. Despu\u00e9s nos dimos una vuelta por el centro de la ciudad, que es bastante manejable para ir andando. Tras encontrar varias referencias a Sim\u00f3n de Montfort en diferentes sitios, me vine de Leicester con la idea de averiguar un poco m\u00e1s sobre el personaje, del que, a pesar de que el nombre me sonaba de algo, no sab\u00eda nada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ya de vuelta en casa me puse a investigar: Guillermo Marshal padre result\u00f3 ser Guillermo el Mariscal y Sim\u00f3n de Monfort fue el sexto conde de Leicester e hijo de Sim\u00f3n de Montfort el de las cruzadas c\u00e1taras (de eso me sonaba el nombre, al final lo de los templarios ha servido para algo \ud83d\ude42 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n Y, curiosamente, Guillermo Marshal hijo y Sim\u00f3n de Montfort hijo, de los que no sab\u00eda nada hasta hac\u00eda una semana, est\u00e1n relacionados: parafraseando a New Order,<\/em> son dos v\u00e9rtices de un Tri\u00e1ngulo de Amor Bizarro<\/a><\/em> (qu\u00e9 pedazo de canci\u00f3n), porque ambos fueron maridos de Leonor de Inglaterra (1215-1275) -o Leonor Plantagenet o Leonor de Leicester-, la hija peque\u00f1a del rey Juan e Isabel de Angulema, y hermana de Enrique III. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Guillermo y Leonor se casaron el 23 de abril de 1224 precisamente en la Iglesia del Temple. Guillermo ten\u00eda 34 a\u00f1os, y hac\u00eda casi 10 que hab\u00eda enviudado de su primera mujer, Alicia de B\u00e9thune, que muri\u00f3 aproximadamente al a\u00f1o de la boda; Leonor ten\u00eda 9 a\u00f1os. Guillermo muri\u00f3 en 1231, dejando a Leonor viuda con 16 a\u00f1os y sin propiedades, ya que se las qued\u00f3 -sin que tuviera derecho a todas ellas- el hermano de Guillermo, Ricardo, para pagar las deudas del primero. Tras enviudar, Leonor hizo voto de castidad perpetua. Peeeero, las cosas de la vida, en 1238 Leonor y Sim\u00f3n se conocieron y se enamoraron, y aunque contaban con el benepl\u00e1cito del rey Enrique III, se casaron en secreto; esa boda secreta gener\u00f3 problemas con la iglesia, con la nobleza y con el rey, aunque finalmente la situaci\u00f3n se calm\u00f3. A\u00fan as\u00ed, la relaci\u00f3n entre el rey Enrique III y el matrimonio de Montfort no fue sencilla: Sim\u00f3n, con el apoyo de Leonor, se enfrent\u00f3 varias veces a Enrique liderando a los barones en el Parlamento, y finalmente muri\u00f3 junto a su hijo Enrique en la batalla de Evesham contra Eduardo, el hijo de Enrique III y futuro Eduardo I Longshanks (Piernas Largas). Tras la muerte de su marido y su hijo mayor, Leonor gestion\u00f3 el patrimonio familiar y finalmente se retir\u00f3 a Francia, donde muri\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Y unas cuantas casualidades m\u00e1s: <\/p>\n\n\n\n \n<\/p> [En espa\u00f1ol]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n One of the things I enjoy the most about History is to discover relationships between characters, subjects and places that suddenly come my way. My last unexpected guests have been William Marshal, Simon de Montfort and Eleanor of Leicester, whom I ran into in my last trip to England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Before arriving in London I planned a tour around some places related to Richard III. So, on Monday 15th of April we started our morning at Temple Gardens<\/a>, because Shakespeare places there (very imaginatively<\/a>, must be said) one of my favourite scenes in Henry VI P1: when Richard Duke of York and Edmund Duke of Somerset picked the roses, and with them, the House they will fight for. Henry Payne shown this scene in a picture I love so much that it hangs beside my desk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you have the chance, you should visit the Temple Gardens: they are not very big, they are quite hidden -at least, if you arrive there from the river, though you can also access from Fleet street- and the medieval atmosphere of the surroundings create a lovely scenery. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Since we were there, we could not miss the Temple Church<\/a> (yes, I had my templar phase because of The Da Vinci Code<\/em>, so what \ud83d\ude42 ). And we discovered a very beautiful church with a long history. In fact, this is the New Temple Church: the first one, built in 1128, was in the Holborn area; the new one was built between 1161 and 1185, as you can see in this screenshot of the map of Tudor London in 1520<\/a>, where I have marked with two blue lines the locations of both the old (top) and the new church (bottom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Though it is quite small, there are plenty of details that catch your attention, and in my case the most appealing things were the very old tombs of several knights, whose name stuck in my mind I don’t know why: William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke (1146\/47-1219), and his son, also William Marshal (1190-1231), second Earl of Pembroke. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Next day we went to Leicester (is just about an hour and a half from St. Pancras), to visit, oh yeah, Richard III’s tomb in the cathedral<\/a>, his statue in the square in front of the cathedral, and the King Richard III Visitor Centre<\/a>, where, besides a very interesting exhibition that contextualizes Richard III’s story and his later influence, you can also visit -and walk over- the place where his body was found. What can I say: if you are a ricardian, you must go there, that’s it. Then we went for a walk around the city center, which is easy to cover by walk. After finding several references to Simon de Montfort in different places, I left Leicester with the idea of learning about that character of whom, despite that the name was familiar, I did not know a thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Back at home I did my homework: William Marshal senior turned out to be William the Marechal, and Simon de Montfort was the 6th Earl of Leicester and son of that Simon de Montfort of the cathar crusades (that’s why the name rang a bell, in the end the templar phase had its benefits \ud83d\ude42 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n But, curiouser and curiouser, William Marshal son and Simon de Montfort son, of whom I knew nothing the week before, are both related: as New Orde<\/em>r would say, they are the two vertexes of a Bizarre Love Triangle<\/a><\/em> (what a beautiful song), since they both were married to Eleanor of England (1215-1275) -or Eleanor Plantagenet or Eleanor of Leicester-, the youngest daughter of King John and Isabella of Angoul\u00eame, and sister of King Henry III. <\/p>\n\n\n\n William and Eleanor married on 23rd April 1224 in this very Temple Church. William was 34, and had been a widower for almost 10 years by his first wife, Alice de B\u00e9thune; Eleanor was 9 years old. William died on 1231, so Eleanor became a 16 years old widow without property because Richard, William’s brother, took all of them -though he had not the right to all of them- to pay the former’s debts. After losing her husband, Eleanor made a perpetual chastity oath. But, surprise, on 1238 Eleanor and Simon met, fell in love and, albeit they had the blessing of King Henry III, they married secretly; that secret wedding was a source of problems with the Church, the nobility and the king, though in the end all the fuss calmed down. Even so, the relationship between Henry III and the de Montforts was not easy: Simon, supported by Eleanor, defied Henry several times as the leader of the barons in the Parliament, and finally died along with his son Henry in the battle of Evesham, fighting Edward, king Henry’s son and future Edward I Longshanks. After the deaths of both her husband and her eldest son, Eleanor managed the family wealth, and finally she moved to France, where she died.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And a few more coincidences: <\/p>\n\n\n\n Fuentes\/Sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [In English] Una de las cosas que m\u00e1s disfruto de la Historia es encontrarme relaciones entre personajes, temas y lugares que de pronto se cruzan en lo que estoy haciendo. Mis \u00faltimos invitados sorpresa han sido Guillermo Marshal, Sim\u00f3n de Montfort y Leonor de Leicester, con los que me top\u00e9 inesperadamente a ra\u00edz del \u00faltimo … <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/jafma.net\/ana\/theweekendarchaeologist\/wp-content\/uploads\/Henry_Arthur_Payne_-_Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses_in_the_Old_Temple_Gardens.jpg\")
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